萨莫奈 注释 参考文献 外部链接 导航菜单Indogermanisches etymologisches Woerterbuch原始内容Ross Cowan, 'Victory by Divine Intervention: The Battles of Bovianum', Ancient Warfare 4.1 (2010), 28-35.Toponymy of Samnium41°10′10″N 14°14′10″E / 41.16944°N 14.23611°E / 41.16944; 14.23611

萨莫奈


拉丁語意大利語罗马意大利萨莫奈人奥斯坎语罗马共和国奥古斯都老普林尼






公元前4世纪帕埃斯图姆一坟墓中所绘的萨莫奈战士




公元前400年时的意大利


萨莫奈（拉丁語：Samnium，意大利語：Samnio)，又译为萨谟奈、萨莫尼乌姆等，是罗马时代位于意大利中部到南部的山岳地区，居住着萨莫奈人。尽管这一名称一直流传至今，其现今的领土范围只是当时的一小部分。萨莫奈是罗马人对其的称呼，他们把自己的国家称为Safinim，把自己称为Safineis[1]，都是奥斯坎语中的词汇。不过并非所有的萨莫奈人都说奥斯坎语，所有奥斯坎语的使用者也并不都住在萨莫奈。


古代学者对萨莫奈的边界并没有确切的定义。此外，随着时间的推移这一地区的范围也一直在改变。[2]对萨莫奈边界的主流划分是指公元前600年至前290年奥斯坎语使用者全盛时期的边界，为罗马共和国所了解。而后来罗马皇帝奥古斯都在其官方声明Discriptio Italiae中所定的边界现已失传，不过老普林尼对意大利的描述就是以其为蓝本的。当时奥斯坎语已灭绝，公元前290年起萨莫奈就已不再是独立国家了。奥古斯都将意大利划分为十一个区，萨莫奈为第四区。不过其范围包括之前不属萨莫奈的地区，同时也去除了原属萨莫奈的许多地区。古代的萨莫奈被包含在奥古斯都所划分的三个区之中。



注释




  1. ^ Salmon 1967，第28页.


  2. ^ Salmon 1967，第23页. "The boundaries of Samnium, as of any other country, varied at different times in its history. No ancient writer has left a precise and accurate description of them."



参考文献



  • Pokorny, Julius. Indogermanisches etymologisches Woerterbuch. Leiden: Leiden University Indo-European Etymological Dictiopnary (IEED) Project. 2005 [1959]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-27）. 


  • Salmon, ET. Samnium and the Samnites. London: Cambridge University Press. 1967. .

  • Grossmann, Lukas, Roms Samnitenkriege: historische und historiographische Untersuchungen zu den Jahren 327-290 v. Chr. (Düsseldorf, Wellem Verlag, 2009) (Reihe Geschichte, 1).

  • Ross Cowan, Roman Conquests: Italy (Barnsley, 2009).


  • Ross Cowan, 'Victory by Divine Intervention: The Battles of Bovianum', Ancient Warfare 4.1 (2010), 28-35.[永久失效連結] Article examining the battles of Bovianum in 311 BC, with an introduction to the Samnites and the Samnite Wars.


外部链接


  • Toponymy of Samnium

坐标：41°10′10″N 14°14′10″E / 41.16944°N 14.23611°E / 41.16944; 14.23611







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