1950年代遣返苏联侨民 目录 背景 1954年遣返 1955年遣返 类似 注释 导航菜单《中国政府与1954，1955年苏联集体遣侨》ISSN 1005-1597

1954年中国政治1955年中国政治1950年代苏联政治1950年代中国外交事件1954年国际关系1955年国际关系中華人民共和國－蘇聯關係中华人民共和国人口流动史苏联人口


中华人民共和国政府苏联政府苏联侨民问题俄罗斯人新疆北部东北地区苏联苏联国籍三区叛乱




1950年代遣返苏联侨民或称1950年代苏联撤侨是中华人民共和国政府（以下简称中国政府）应苏联政府要求在1954、55年两次集体遣返苏联侨民的行动。两次大规模遣返的人数总计11万人[1]，但未完全解决苏联侨民问题。




目录





  • 1 背景


  • 2 1954年遣返


  • 3 1955年遣返


  • 4 类似


  • 5 注释




背景


俄罗斯人移民中国始于清末。新疆北部、东北地区是俄罗斯人移民的道站和主要的聚居地。苏联建立后，一直积极渗透、拓殖新疆。鼓励俄罗斯移民、当地少数民族群体归化苏联国籍，发放苏侨证，是其重要手段之一[1]。1930年代，中国和新疆地方政府将归化中华民国国籍的新疆俄罗斯人，确认为新疆的少数民族。1940年代在苏联政府支持，三区叛乱爆发。俄罗斯人虽然归化中华民国，但仍认同苏联。


第二次世界大战结束后，由于人口减少、劳动力缺乏的原因，苏联政府鼓励侨民回国。在中国的苏侨亦是其在海外的最大侨民群体。1947年8月至次年年初，苏联政府曾从中国沿海城市集体遣返苏侨。但因种种原因未能遣返全部苏侨。1949年，中华人民共和国建国，与苏联关系友好、亲密。1954年时，包括俄罗斯人在内，中国境内的苏联侨民大约为14万至16万人，新疆8万人，其它地区6万人。苏联方面的数据远高于此。1950年初，苏联驻伊犁领事称，在新疆三个苏侨居住地（伊犁、塔城、阿勒泰）共有苏侨20多万人，占当进地人口（70万人）的40%[1]。此地亦是1940年代三区叛乱所在。



1954年遣返


1954年5月底，地方政府协助苏侨分出发。8月23日，最后一批苏侨回国。共计遣返24807人[1]。



1955年遣返


共计遣返8.7万人，其中新疆6.5万人，其它地区2.2万人[1]。



类似


  • 葫芦岛日侨大遣返


注释




  1. ^ 1.01.11.21.31.4 张在虎. 《中国政府与1954，1955年苏联集体遣侨》. 党的文献 (北京市: 中共中央文献研究室、中央档案馆). 2008, (2008年01期). ISSN 1005-1597 （简体中文）. 







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