圆规 目录 歷史 變型 文化 参考文献 外部链接 参见 导航菜单圆规分類编辑或修订

卡尺測微器尺直尺捲尺雷射測距儀碼尺球徑計全站仪經緯儀比例尺三角尺曲尺組合角尺角尺丁字尺萬力治具螺紋規半徑樣板


几何术语數學工具文具圆度量儀器


數學製圖圓弧尺规作图鉸鏈筆三角尺量角器直尺史記大禹周禮武梁祠女媧伏羲东德国徽







圓規


圓規在數學和製圖裏,是用來繪製圓或弧的工具,常用於尺规作图。圓規通常是由金屬製成,包括兩部分,由一個鉸鏈連接着,其中可作調整,其中一邊尖銳是用作圓心,另一邊通常可裝上筆。圓規分普通圓規、彈簧圓規、點圓規、樑規等。現代的圓規則多與三角尺、量角器、直尺等成套裝出售。




目录





  • 1 歷史


  • 2 變型


  • 3 文化


  • 4 参考文献


  • 5 外部链接


  • 6 参见




歷史


圆规的發明最早可追溯至中國夏朝,《史記·夏本記》載大禹治水“左凖繩,右規距”,公元前15世紀的甲骨文中,已有規、矩二字,當時稱為「規」,即今日的圓規,《周禮·考工記·匠人》記載:“匠人建國,平地以懸,置槷以懸,眡以景。爲規,識日出之景與日入之景。晝參諸日中之景,夜考之極星,以正朝夕。”。山東嘉祥武梁祠內有「東漢伏羲女媧磚刻像」,其中女媧執規,伏羲執矩,這裡的規是古式梁規,形狀與甲骨文「癸」的字形相似[1]



變型




一个橫桿圓規和一个普通圓規


  • 橫桿圓規(Beam-compass)是一種圓規夾有木製或黃銅製的橫桿。


  • 椭圆规是一種能夠繪畫椭圆的工具,其中一個款式與圆规近似。


文化



参考文献




  1. ^ 馮時《中國天文考古學》第33頁



外部链接





参见


  • 规矩

  • 尺规作图





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