徐偃王 評價 参见 注释 导航菜单后世张冠李戴：周穆王攻打徐偃王之事为虚假 二人并非同一时代

西周人东夷人


中国西周徐国周穆王楚国江苏徐州市邳州市戴莊镇春秋左氏传郦道元水经注




徐偃王，嬴姓，是中国历史上西周时期徐国的国君。他在位的时期，徐国非常强盛，疆域一直扩张到今江苏、安徽长江以北及山东南部的广大地区，《后汉书·东夷传》：“地方五百里”，向他进贡“三十有六国”。


徐偃王在位大行仁义，得到百姓拥护。在这一时期，有36个徐国的邻国向徐朝贡。国力强盛了之后，徐偃王大举进攻周朝首都，迫使周穆王“分东方诸侯命徐偃王主之。”[1]后周穆王亲征，并借助楚国军力打败徐国[2]，此后徐偃王于彭城武原县（今江苏徐州市邳州市戴莊镇武原故城）一带山林隐居（一说被周军所杀）。葬在鄞县东钱湖畔[3]。周穆王封其子孙为徐子，继续统治徐国。


对于楚国讨伐徐偃王一事，韩非子提到“荆文王恐其害己也，举兵伐徐，遂灭之”。但是荆文王在位的年代与周穆王在位的年代相去甚远，可见周穆王未曾亲征徐偃王，徐偃王是春秋战国时期的徐国国君。而春秋左氏传又指徐国被吴国所灭，得以知之楚王此次伐灭的仅是徐王而非徐国。甚至还有人认为，徐偃王实为宋王偃，偃称王时宋国已经迁都于原徐国境内的彭城，这跟魏国国君迁都大梁后自称梁王是相似的理念。[4]



評價


郦道元《水经注》载：“偃王治国，仁义著闻，欲舟行上国，乃导沟陈蔡间，得朱弓赤矢，以得天瑞，自称偃王。江淮诸侯，从者三十六国。周王闻之，遣使至楚，令代伐之。偃王爱民不斗，遂为楚败。”



参见


  • 徐国

  • 春秋时期


注释



  1. ^ 《后汉书·东夷传》


  2. ^ 《元和郡县志》


  3. ^ 《延右志》载其墓在“县东四十里隐学山，旧名栖贞。”


  4. ^ 后世张冠李戴：周穆王攻打徐偃王之事为虚假 二人并非同一时代


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