五翕侯 古代史書關於五翕侯的記載 导航菜单

亚洲古代史已不存在的亞洲國家


大月氏中亞诸侯大夏貴霜休密双靡肸顿都密阿富汗漢朝南北朝北魏大同市




五翕侯是古代大月氏西迁至中亞前后的五个大诸侯部落。“翕侯”是大夏和貴霜王朝時期對諸侯的稱呼。五翕侯分别是贵霜、休密、双靡、肸顿、高附(《後漢書》稱第五個翕侯為都密),其位置約在今阿富汗一帶。公元一世紀時,貴霜先後滅掉其他四翕侯,建立大國,當時周邊諸國及後世稱它為“貴霜”,而漢朝仍稱它為“大月氏”。



古代史書關於五翕侯的記載



漢代


根據《漢書》卷九十六·西域傳所載,五翕侯如下:


  • 休密翕侯 - 治和墨城,去都護(漢朝所置的“西域都護府”所在地)二千八百四十一里,去陽關(今甘肅敦煌西南)七千八百二里;

  • 雙靡翕侯 - 治雙靡城,去都護三千七百四十一里,去陽關七千七百八十二里;

  • 貴霜翕侯 - 治護澡城,去都護五千九百四十里,去陽關七千九百八十二里;

  • 肸頓翕侯 - 治薄茅城,去都護五千九百六十二里,去陽關八千二百二里;

  • 高附翕侯 - 治高附城,去都護六千四十一里,去陽關九千二百八十三里。《後漢書》稱第五個翕侯為都密,又說高附在大月氏西南,本來不屬於五翕侯,後來月氏打敗安息後才佔領該地。

以上五翕侯皆屬大月氏。



南北朝


到了南北朝時期,五翕侯的故地出現了一些新的國家,《魏書》列傳第九十有以下記載:


“伽倍國,故休密翕侯。都和墨城,在莎車西,去代(北魏首都,今山西大同市)一萬三千里。人居山谷間。


折薛莫孫國,故雙靡翕侯。都雙靡城,在伽倍西,去代一萬三千五百里。人居山谷間。


鉗敦國,故貴霜翕侯。都護澡城,在折薛莫孫西,去代一萬三千五百六十里。人居山谷間。


弗敵沙國,故肸頓翕侯。都薄茅城,在鉗敦西,去代一萬三千六百六十里。居山谷間。


閻浮謁國,故高附翕侯。都高附城,在弗敵沙南,去代一萬三千七百六十里。居山谷間。”







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