Could solar power be utilized and substitute coal in the 19th CenturyHow long will it take to form a new dialect and language in underground steampunk London?Could a 19th century space gun be of any use today in space exploration?What would the industrial age be like without oil and coal?What would a steam locomotive look like if steam power became yet again the main type used in rail transportation?Post apocalyptic science based storyCan this world invent gas cylinders early?Designing an icy-surface vehicle for -70° without electronic circuits onboardHow to combat magic as science?Could people of the 14th century create an inline engine for use in aircraft and vehicles?Counteracting Perverse Incentive effects in 1902 Hanoi rat population

Have I saved too much for retirement so far?

How do ground effect vehicles perform turns?

Can the Supreme Court overturn an impeachment?

Database accidentally deleted with a bash script

My friend sent me a screenshot of a transaction hash, but when I search for it I find divergent data. What happened?

How to align and center standalone amsmath equations?

What is the gram­mat­i­cal term for “‑ed” words like these?

Drawing a topological "handle" with Tikz

Folder comparison

How can "mimic phobia" be cured or prevented?

Should I install hardwood flooring or cabinets first?

What is the difference between "Do you interest" and "...interested in" something?

Global amount of publications over time

Why has "pence" been used in this sentence, not "pences"?

How must one send away the mother bird?

Translation of Scottish 16th century church stained glass

Can not upgrade Kali,not enough space in /var/cache/apt/archives

What is this type of notehead called?

Is camera lens focus an exact point or a range?

On a tidally locked planet, would time be quantized?

Is there a conventional notation or name for the slip angle?

Do Legal Documents Require Signing In Standard Pen Colors?

When quoting, must I also copy hyphens used to divide words that continue on the next line?

Two-sided logarithm inequality



Could solar power be utilized and substitute coal in the 19th Century


How long will it take to form a new dialect and language in underground steampunk London?Could a 19th century space gun be of any use today in space exploration?What would the industrial age be like without oil and coal?What would a steam locomotive look like if steam power became yet again the main type used in rail transportation?Post apocalyptic science based storyCan this world invent gas cylinders early?Designing an icy-surface vehicle for -70° without electronic circuits onboardHow to combat magic as science?Could people of the 14th century create an inline engine for use in aircraft and vehicles?Counteracting Perverse Incentive effects in 1902 Hanoi rat population













2












$begingroup$


Would it be possible for a nation with 19th century to very early 20th Century technology and history and hot desert climate to utilize solar power for electrical generation as a substitute for coal or replace the use of coal in any other way?



Hope this question is more to the liking of this stack exchange.



There is not an abundance of national coal however rivers and ocean could allow for importation of coal.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$











  • $begingroup$
    Not in the way you asked the question, absolutely not. If it wasn't done back then, it can't be done with 19th century technology, that would be a paradox. But I assume you dont mean literally 19th century technology but something else? Perhaps instead of asking this question, describe what you want to do first and then tell us the exact part, details are king here, that you are unsure about or don't know how to do.
    $endgroup$
    – Raditz_35
    2 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Not with solar panels, no, but remember that coal IS solar indirectly.
    $endgroup$
    – Renan
    2 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but could you state directly what "h se" is, because when I google it, the results are confusing and not related to your question.
    $endgroup$
    – Agrajag
    1 hour ago










  • $begingroup$
    In daytime they had daylight, and solar power does not work at night (at least not with any imaginable technology of the time), this would put a crimp in the development of electric light...
    $endgroup$
    – AlexP
    56 mins ago










  • $begingroup$
    Dann that typo..
    $endgroup$
    – Echo61505
    45 mins ago















2












$begingroup$


Would it be possible for a nation with 19th century to very early 20th Century technology and history and hot desert climate to utilize solar power for electrical generation as a substitute for coal or replace the use of coal in any other way?



Hope this question is more to the liking of this stack exchange.



There is not an abundance of national coal however rivers and ocean could allow for importation of coal.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$











  • $begingroup$
    Not in the way you asked the question, absolutely not. If it wasn't done back then, it can't be done with 19th century technology, that would be a paradox. But I assume you dont mean literally 19th century technology but something else? Perhaps instead of asking this question, describe what you want to do first and then tell us the exact part, details are king here, that you are unsure about or don't know how to do.
    $endgroup$
    – Raditz_35
    2 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Not with solar panels, no, but remember that coal IS solar indirectly.
    $endgroup$
    – Renan
    2 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but could you state directly what "h se" is, because when I google it, the results are confusing and not related to your question.
    $endgroup$
    – Agrajag
    1 hour ago










  • $begingroup$
    In daytime they had daylight, and solar power does not work at night (at least not with any imaginable technology of the time), this would put a crimp in the development of electric light...
    $endgroup$
    – AlexP
    56 mins ago










  • $begingroup$
    Dann that typo..
    $endgroup$
    – Echo61505
    45 mins ago













2












2








2





$begingroup$


Would it be possible for a nation with 19th century to very early 20th Century technology and history and hot desert climate to utilize solar power for electrical generation as a substitute for coal or replace the use of coal in any other way?



Hope this question is more to the liking of this stack exchange.



There is not an abundance of national coal however rivers and ocean could allow for importation of coal.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$




Would it be possible for a nation with 19th century to very early 20th Century technology and history and hot desert climate to utilize solar power for electrical generation as a substitute for coal or replace the use of coal in any other way?



Hope this question is more to the liking of this stack exchange.



There is not an abundance of national coal however rivers and ocean could allow for importation of coal.







technology hard-science steampunk






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 33 mins ago







Echo61505

















asked 2 hours ago









Echo61505Echo61505

766




766











  • $begingroup$
    Not in the way you asked the question, absolutely not. If it wasn't done back then, it can't be done with 19th century technology, that would be a paradox. But I assume you dont mean literally 19th century technology but something else? Perhaps instead of asking this question, describe what you want to do first and then tell us the exact part, details are king here, that you are unsure about or don't know how to do.
    $endgroup$
    – Raditz_35
    2 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Not with solar panels, no, but remember that coal IS solar indirectly.
    $endgroup$
    – Renan
    2 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but could you state directly what "h se" is, because when I google it, the results are confusing and not related to your question.
    $endgroup$
    – Agrajag
    1 hour ago










  • $begingroup$
    In daytime they had daylight, and solar power does not work at night (at least not with any imaginable technology of the time), this would put a crimp in the development of electric light...
    $endgroup$
    – AlexP
    56 mins ago










  • $begingroup$
    Dann that typo..
    $endgroup$
    – Echo61505
    45 mins ago
















  • $begingroup$
    Not in the way you asked the question, absolutely not. If it wasn't done back then, it can't be done with 19th century technology, that would be a paradox. But I assume you dont mean literally 19th century technology but something else? Perhaps instead of asking this question, describe what you want to do first and then tell us the exact part, details are king here, that you are unsure about or don't know how to do.
    $endgroup$
    – Raditz_35
    2 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Not with solar panels, no, but remember that coal IS solar indirectly.
    $endgroup$
    – Renan
    2 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but could you state directly what "h se" is, because when I google it, the results are confusing and not related to your question.
    $endgroup$
    – Agrajag
    1 hour ago










  • $begingroup$
    In daytime they had daylight, and solar power does not work at night (at least not with any imaginable technology of the time), this would put a crimp in the development of electric light...
    $endgroup$
    – AlexP
    56 mins ago










  • $begingroup$
    Dann that typo..
    $endgroup$
    – Echo61505
    45 mins ago















$begingroup$
Not in the way you asked the question, absolutely not. If it wasn't done back then, it can't be done with 19th century technology, that would be a paradox. But I assume you dont mean literally 19th century technology but something else? Perhaps instead of asking this question, describe what you want to do first and then tell us the exact part, details are king here, that you are unsure about or don't know how to do.
$endgroup$
– Raditz_35
2 hours ago




$begingroup$
Not in the way you asked the question, absolutely not. If it wasn't done back then, it can't be done with 19th century technology, that would be a paradox. But I assume you dont mean literally 19th century technology but something else? Perhaps instead of asking this question, describe what you want to do first and then tell us the exact part, details are king here, that you are unsure about or don't know how to do.
$endgroup$
– Raditz_35
2 hours ago












$begingroup$
Not with solar panels, no, but remember that coal IS solar indirectly.
$endgroup$
– Renan
2 hours ago




$begingroup$
Not with solar panels, no, but remember that coal IS solar indirectly.
$endgroup$
– Renan
2 hours ago












$begingroup$
Sorry, but could you state directly what "h se" is, because when I google it, the results are confusing and not related to your question.
$endgroup$
– Agrajag
1 hour ago




$begingroup$
Sorry, but could you state directly what "h se" is, because when I google it, the results are confusing and not related to your question.
$endgroup$
– Agrajag
1 hour ago












$begingroup$
In daytime they had daylight, and solar power does not work at night (at least not with any imaginable technology of the time), this would put a crimp in the development of electric light...
$endgroup$
– AlexP
56 mins ago




$begingroup$
In daytime they had daylight, and solar power does not work at night (at least not with any imaginable technology of the time), this would put a crimp in the development of electric light...
$endgroup$
– AlexP
56 mins ago












$begingroup$
Dann that typo..
$endgroup$
– Echo61505
45 mins ago




$begingroup$
Dann that typo..
$endgroup$
– Echo61505
45 mins ago










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















4












$begingroup$

Yes, they could. You "just" need a large mirror to concentrate sunlight on a boiler to produce the steam. Power plants that use this principle are in use today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility



The first problem you have is with economy. Burning coal is just way too cheap if you have it available, and it's much easier to get a few megawatts of heat out of burning coal than it is to get the same amount of heat from mirrors. Simply because you need about one square meter of mirror for each kilowatt of sunlight you want to collect, and the mirror needs to be continuously adjusted to the sun. A single man shoveling coal into an engine produces much, much more than just a single kilowatt of heat...



You can offset the economy problem by making coal hard-to-get in your country.



However, the second problem remains: Efficiency. Early steam engines were brutally inefficient, turning only 1% or 2% (Watt's optimized version!) of the heat into actual mechanical work. So, if you have a giant 10x10m mirror ($100m^2$), you only get 1kW or 2kW of usable power output. Anything that requires more energy than that quickly becomes infeasible to power with the many, enormous mirrors you need, which all require man-power to adjust to the sun continuously.



Of course, you can offset this by a) allowing close to modern steam turbines, and b) fancy clockworks that automagically adjust the mirrors. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to get the power from the power plants to where it's actually needed.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Given that the primary motive for building power plants was electric light, and the mirrors don't work at night...
    $endgroup$
    – AlexP
    57 mins ago










  • $begingroup$
    Any use of electricity or any other use of coal is what I am asking from powering a city to a solar cooker would be relevant. On the other hand I do get that the main use of electricity for the majority of that time period is electrical lighting. Not every area would be connected to water ways so while demand may not realistically exist in every city without the right political decisions some parts of the nation could still prefer a solar option.
    $endgroup$
    – Echo61505
    11 mins ago










  • $begingroup$
    Not just lights, things like pumps, which need to be run 24/7 don't work with solar either.
    $endgroup$
    – John
    45 secs ago


















0












$begingroup$

No. Coal works as power source because it is solar energy, concentrated, in a convenient form (rocks). Solar power is simply too disperse to be a power source to early, inefficient, steam machines






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$












    Your Answer





    StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
    return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function ()
    StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix)
    StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
    );
    );
    , "mathjax-editing");

    StackExchange.ready(function()
    var channelOptions =
    tags: "".split(" "),
    id: "579"
    ;
    initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

    StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
    // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
    if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
    StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
    createEditor();
    );

    else
    createEditor();

    );

    function createEditor()
    StackExchange.prepareEditor(
    heartbeatType: 'answer',
    autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
    convertImagesToLinks: false,
    noModals: true,
    showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
    reputationToPostImages: null,
    bindNavPrevention: true,
    postfix: "",
    imageUploader:
    brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
    contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
    allowUrls: true
    ,
    noCode: true, onDemand: true,
    discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
    ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
    );



    );













    draft saved

    draft discarded


















    StackExchange.ready(
    function ()
    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fworldbuilding.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f142249%2fcould-solar-power-be-utilized-and-substitute-coal-in-the-19th-century%23new-answer', 'question_page');

    );

    Post as a guest















    Required, but never shown

























    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    4












    $begingroup$

    Yes, they could. You "just" need a large mirror to concentrate sunlight on a boiler to produce the steam. Power plants that use this principle are in use today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility



    The first problem you have is with economy. Burning coal is just way too cheap if you have it available, and it's much easier to get a few megawatts of heat out of burning coal than it is to get the same amount of heat from mirrors. Simply because you need about one square meter of mirror for each kilowatt of sunlight you want to collect, and the mirror needs to be continuously adjusted to the sun. A single man shoveling coal into an engine produces much, much more than just a single kilowatt of heat...



    You can offset the economy problem by making coal hard-to-get in your country.



    However, the second problem remains: Efficiency. Early steam engines were brutally inefficient, turning only 1% or 2% (Watt's optimized version!) of the heat into actual mechanical work. So, if you have a giant 10x10m mirror ($100m^2$), you only get 1kW or 2kW of usable power output. Anything that requires more energy than that quickly becomes infeasible to power with the many, enormous mirrors you need, which all require man-power to adjust to the sun continuously.



    Of course, you can offset this by a) allowing close to modern steam turbines, and b) fancy clockworks that automagically adjust the mirrors. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to get the power from the power plants to where it's actually needed.






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$












    • $begingroup$
      Given that the primary motive for building power plants was electric light, and the mirrors don't work at night...
      $endgroup$
      – AlexP
      57 mins ago










    • $begingroup$
      Any use of electricity or any other use of coal is what I am asking from powering a city to a solar cooker would be relevant. On the other hand I do get that the main use of electricity for the majority of that time period is electrical lighting. Not every area would be connected to water ways so while demand may not realistically exist in every city without the right political decisions some parts of the nation could still prefer a solar option.
      $endgroup$
      – Echo61505
      11 mins ago










    • $begingroup$
      Not just lights, things like pumps, which need to be run 24/7 don't work with solar either.
      $endgroup$
      – John
      45 secs ago















    4












    $begingroup$

    Yes, they could. You "just" need a large mirror to concentrate sunlight on a boiler to produce the steam. Power plants that use this principle are in use today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility



    The first problem you have is with economy. Burning coal is just way too cheap if you have it available, and it's much easier to get a few megawatts of heat out of burning coal than it is to get the same amount of heat from mirrors. Simply because you need about one square meter of mirror for each kilowatt of sunlight you want to collect, and the mirror needs to be continuously adjusted to the sun. A single man shoveling coal into an engine produces much, much more than just a single kilowatt of heat...



    You can offset the economy problem by making coal hard-to-get in your country.



    However, the second problem remains: Efficiency. Early steam engines were brutally inefficient, turning only 1% or 2% (Watt's optimized version!) of the heat into actual mechanical work. So, if you have a giant 10x10m mirror ($100m^2$), you only get 1kW or 2kW of usable power output. Anything that requires more energy than that quickly becomes infeasible to power with the many, enormous mirrors you need, which all require man-power to adjust to the sun continuously.



    Of course, you can offset this by a) allowing close to modern steam turbines, and b) fancy clockworks that automagically adjust the mirrors. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to get the power from the power plants to where it's actually needed.






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$












    • $begingroup$
      Given that the primary motive for building power plants was electric light, and the mirrors don't work at night...
      $endgroup$
      – AlexP
      57 mins ago










    • $begingroup$
      Any use of electricity or any other use of coal is what I am asking from powering a city to a solar cooker would be relevant. On the other hand I do get that the main use of electricity for the majority of that time period is electrical lighting. Not every area would be connected to water ways so while demand may not realistically exist in every city without the right political decisions some parts of the nation could still prefer a solar option.
      $endgroup$
      – Echo61505
      11 mins ago










    • $begingroup$
      Not just lights, things like pumps, which need to be run 24/7 don't work with solar either.
      $endgroup$
      – John
      45 secs ago













    4












    4








    4





    $begingroup$

    Yes, they could. You "just" need a large mirror to concentrate sunlight on a boiler to produce the steam. Power plants that use this principle are in use today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility



    The first problem you have is with economy. Burning coal is just way too cheap if you have it available, and it's much easier to get a few megawatts of heat out of burning coal than it is to get the same amount of heat from mirrors. Simply because you need about one square meter of mirror for each kilowatt of sunlight you want to collect, and the mirror needs to be continuously adjusted to the sun. A single man shoveling coal into an engine produces much, much more than just a single kilowatt of heat...



    You can offset the economy problem by making coal hard-to-get in your country.



    However, the second problem remains: Efficiency. Early steam engines were brutally inefficient, turning only 1% or 2% (Watt's optimized version!) of the heat into actual mechanical work. So, if you have a giant 10x10m mirror ($100m^2$), you only get 1kW or 2kW of usable power output. Anything that requires more energy than that quickly becomes infeasible to power with the many, enormous mirrors you need, which all require man-power to adjust to the sun continuously.



    Of course, you can offset this by a) allowing close to modern steam turbines, and b) fancy clockworks that automagically adjust the mirrors. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to get the power from the power plants to where it's actually needed.






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$



    Yes, they could. You "just" need a large mirror to concentrate sunlight on a boiler to produce the steam. Power plants that use this principle are in use today: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanpah_Solar_Power_Facility



    The first problem you have is with economy. Burning coal is just way too cheap if you have it available, and it's much easier to get a few megawatts of heat out of burning coal than it is to get the same amount of heat from mirrors. Simply because you need about one square meter of mirror for each kilowatt of sunlight you want to collect, and the mirror needs to be continuously adjusted to the sun. A single man shoveling coal into an engine produces much, much more than just a single kilowatt of heat...



    You can offset the economy problem by making coal hard-to-get in your country.



    However, the second problem remains: Efficiency. Early steam engines were brutally inefficient, turning only 1% or 2% (Watt's optimized version!) of the heat into actual mechanical work. So, if you have a giant 10x10m mirror ($100m^2$), you only get 1kW or 2kW of usable power output. Anything that requires more energy than that quickly becomes infeasible to power with the many, enormous mirrors you need, which all require man-power to adjust to the sun continuously.



    Of course, you can offset this by a) allowing close to modern steam turbines, and b) fancy clockworks that automagically adjust the mirrors. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to get the power from the power plants to where it's actually needed.







    share|improve this answer












    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer










    answered 2 hours ago









    cmastercmaster

    3,532815




    3,532815











    • $begingroup$
      Given that the primary motive for building power plants was electric light, and the mirrors don't work at night...
      $endgroup$
      – AlexP
      57 mins ago










    • $begingroup$
      Any use of electricity or any other use of coal is what I am asking from powering a city to a solar cooker would be relevant. On the other hand I do get that the main use of electricity for the majority of that time period is electrical lighting. Not every area would be connected to water ways so while demand may not realistically exist in every city without the right political decisions some parts of the nation could still prefer a solar option.
      $endgroup$
      – Echo61505
      11 mins ago










    • $begingroup$
      Not just lights, things like pumps, which need to be run 24/7 don't work with solar either.
      $endgroup$
      – John
      45 secs ago
















    • $begingroup$
      Given that the primary motive for building power plants was electric light, and the mirrors don't work at night...
      $endgroup$
      – AlexP
      57 mins ago










    • $begingroup$
      Any use of electricity or any other use of coal is what I am asking from powering a city to a solar cooker would be relevant. On the other hand I do get that the main use of electricity for the majority of that time period is electrical lighting. Not every area would be connected to water ways so while demand may not realistically exist in every city without the right political decisions some parts of the nation could still prefer a solar option.
      $endgroup$
      – Echo61505
      11 mins ago










    • $begingroup$
      Not just lights, things like pumps, which need to be run 24/7 don't work with solar either.
      $endgroup$
      – John
      45 secs ago















    $begingroup$
    Given that the primary motive for building power plants was electric light, and the mirrors don't work at night...
    $endgroup$
    – AlexP
    57 mins ago




    $begingroup$
    Given that the primary motive for building power plants was electric light, and the mirrors don't work at night...
    $endgroup$
    – AlexP
    57 mins ago












    $begingroup$
    Any use of electricity or any other use of coal is what I am asking from powering a city to a solar cooker would be relevant. On the other hand I do get that the main use of electricity for the majority of that time period is electrical lighting. Not every area would be connected to water ways so while demand may not realistically exist in every city without the right political decisions some parts of the nation could still prefer a solar option.
    $endgroup$
    – Echo61505
    11 mins ago




    $begingroup$
    Any use of electricity or any other use of coal is what I am asking from powering a city to a solar cooker would be relevant. On the other hand I do get that the main use of electricity for the majority of that time period is electrical lighting. Not every area would be connected to water ways so while demand may not realistically exist in every city without the right political decisions some parts of the nation could still prefer a solar option.
    $endgroup$
    – Echo61505
    11 mins ago












    $begingroup$
    Not just lights, things like pumps, which need to be run 24/7 don't work with solar either.
    $endgroup$
    – John
    45 secs ago




    $begingroup$
    Not just lights, things like pumps, which need to be run 24/7 don't work with solar either.
    $endgroup$
    – John
    45 secs ago











    0












    $begingroup$

    No. Coal works as power source because it is solar energy, concentrated, in a convenient form (rocks). Solar power is simply too disperse to be a power source to early, inefficient, steam machines






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$

















      0












      $begingroup$

      No. Coal works as power source because it is solar energy, concentrated, in a convenient form (rocks). Solar power is simply too disperse to be a power source to early, inefficient, steam machines






      share|improve this answer









      $endgroup$















        0












        0








        0





        $begingroup$

        No. Coal works as power source because it is solar energy, concentrated, in a convenient form (rocks). Solar power is simply too disperse to be a power source to early, inefficient, steam machines






        share|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        No. Coal works as power source because it is solar energy, concentrated, in a convenient form (rocks). Solar power is simply too disperse to be a power source to early, inefficient, steam machines







        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered 10 mins ago









        GeronimoGeronimo

        90439




        90439



























            draft saved

            draft discarded
















































            Thanks for contributing an answer to Worldbuilding Stack Exchange!


            • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

            But avoid


            • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

            • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

            Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


            To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




            draft saved


            draft discarded














            StackExchange.ready(
            function ()
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fworldbuilding.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f142249%2fcould-solar-power-be-utilized-and-substitute-coal-in-the-19th-century%23new-answer', 'question_page');

            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown





















































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown

































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown







            Popular posts from this blog

            名間水力發電廠 目录 沿革 設施 鄰近設施 註釋 外部連結 导航菜单23°50′10″N 120°42′41″E / 23.83611°N 120.71139°E / 23.83611; 120.7113923°50′10″N 120°42′41″E / 23.83611°N 120.71139°E / 23.83611; 120.71139計畫概要原始内容臺灣第一座BOT 模式開發的水力發電廠-名間水力電廠名間水力發電廠 水利署首件BOT案原始内容《小檔案》名間電廠 首座BOT水力發電廠原始内容名間電廠BOT - 經濟部水利署中區水資源局

            Prove that NP is closed under karp reduction?Space(n) not closed under Karp reductions - what about NTime(n)?Class P is closed under rotation?Prove or disprove that $NL$ is closed under polynomial many-one reductions$mathbfNC_2$ is closed under log-space reductionOn Karp reductionwhen can I know if a class (complexity) is closed under reduction (cook/karp)Check if class $PSPACE$ is closed under polyonomially space reductionIs NPSPACE also closed under polynomial-time reduction and under log-space reduction?Prove PSPACE is closed under complement?Prove PSPACE is closed under union?

            Is my guitar’s action too high? Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern)Strings too stiff on a recently purchased acoustic guitar | Cort AD880CEIs the action of my guitar really high?Μy little finger is too weak to play guitarWith guitar, how long should I give my fingers to strengthen / callous?When playing a fret the guitar sounds mutedPlaying (Barre) chords up the guitar neckI think my guitar strings are wound too tight and I can't play barre chordsF barre chord on an SG guitarHow to find to the right strings of a barre chord by feel?High action on higher fret on my steel acoustic guitar