狂人日记 目录 主題 内容 評價 参考文献 延伸閱讀 导航菜单鲁迅《狂人日记》人物形象来源鲁迅的肉体凝视编

1918年短篇小說中华民国大陆时期小说中文短篇小说鲁迅人吃人題材作品中国文化之最敘事者不可靠的作品


鲁迅呐喊礼教现代白话文新青年陳衡哲禮教文言文白话文





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各國文學
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出版社・文学期刊
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詩人・小說家
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《狂人日记》是鲁迅的一篇短篇作品，收录在鲁迅的短篇小说集《呐喊》中，讽刺了中国傳統礼教和中国人的陋俗。它被認為是中国第一部现代白话文小说，首发于1918年5月15日4卷5号《新青年》月刊。(按1917年5月陳衡哲白話小說《一日》發表在《留美學生季報》上)




目录





  • 1 主題


  • 2 内容


  • 3 評價


  • 4 参考文献


  • 5 延伸閱讀




主題


魯迅透過一個「狂人」的日記，揭露中國傳統社會裏的家族制度和禮教的毒害，指出中國歷史每頁都寫著「仁義道德」，但字縫裏卻都寫著「吃人」兩個字。最後，日記說：「沒有吃過人的孩子，或者還有？」因而喊出「救救孩子」的口號。


鲁迅自己说：“《狂人日记》很幼稚，而且太逼促，照艺术上说，是不应该的。”“我自己知道实在不是作家；现在的乱嚷，是想闹出几个新的创作家来——我想，中国总该有天才，被社会挤倒在底下——破破中国的寂寞。”[1]



内容


小说內容大致上是以一個「狂人」的所見所聞，指出中國文化的朽壞。日记前言以文言文书写，为日记作者的一位友人所写。日记作者之前患了“迫害狂”的病，他已痊愈。


日记則以白话文书写，为作者患病时的所見所聞。作者写道古书上的“仁义道德”，字缝里却是“吃人”两个字，也写道古书中（或扭曲历史传说、凭空想象出来的）人吃人事件。作者畏惧村上的人，以为他们要把他吃了。接者，他也认定他大哥准备和村人合夥吃他。他想起才五岁就逝世的妹妹，认为是被大哥吃了，而自己也无意地从大哥准备的饭菜中吃了妹妹的肉。





日记的结尾为“沒有吃過人的孩子，或許還有？救救孩子……”



評價



  • 夏志清：“我對《狂人日記》確實評價過低，《狂人日記》是魯迅最成功的作品之一，其中的諷刺和藝術技巧，是和作者對主題的精心闡明緊密結合的，大半是運用意象派和象徵派的手法。”


  • 吴虞：“作者把吃人的内容和仁义道德的表面看得清清楚楚，那些戴着礼教假面具吃人的滑头伎俩，都被他把黑幕揭破了。”[2]


参考文献




  1. ^ 鲁迅，对于《新潮》一部分的意见.


  2. ^ 《五四运动文选》第141页



延伸閱讀


  • 长崛祐造：〈鲁迅《狂人日记》人物形象来源〉。

  • 中野美代子：〈鲁迅的肉体凝视〉。


维基文库标志


维基文库中相关的原始文献：
狂人日记




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魯迅短篇小说集《呐喊》


一件小事  · 狂人日记  · 鸭的喜剧  · 端午节  · 故乡  · 孔乙己  · 药  · 阿Q正传  · 兔和猫  · 社戏  · 风波  · 头发的故事  · 明天  · 白光

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