陶凱 参考文献 导航菜单

1304年出生1376年逝世明朝國子監祭酒明朝礼部尚书临海人陶姓


臨海臨海教諭張仲舉朱昌齡朱元璋汪克宽胡翰宋僖陈基曾鲁高启元史大明集禮崔亮张筹昭鉴录參政國子祭酒洪武正韵李贄丹書鐵券





陶凱(1304年-1376年),字中立,臨海(今臨海市)人。


至正年間中舉,授永豐教諭,推辭不就[1],同輩張仲舉、朱昌齡等人有往來,朱元璋曾慕名拜訪取策,陶凱曰:“群雄所據地,未可與爭,元雖有地,政衰民怨,是空地耳,取之易也”。洪武初年(1368年)至南京,與汪克宽、胡翰、宋僖、陈基、曾鲁、高启等同修《元史》。書成,授翰林應奉,又纂《大明集禮》,於大本堂教導楚王讀經。洪武三年(1370年)七月與崔亮並為禮部尚書,各有敷奏。定“军礼及品官坟茔之制”,又“定科举式”。崔亮死後,陶凱獨任。洪武四年,任会试主考官。洪武五年(1372年),上奏:“汉、唐、宋时皆有会要,纪载时政。今起居注虽设,其诸司所领谕旨及奏事簿籍,宜依会要,编类为书,庶可以垂法后世。下台省府者,宜各置铜柜藏之,以备稽考,俾无遗阙”与张筹等编集《昭鉴录》。洪武六年(1373年)為湖廣參政,八年(1374年),起為國子祭酒[2]


洪武初期,陶凱隨侍於朱元璋左右,明太祖稱“一時詔令、封冊、歌頌、碑碣、多出其手”,又稱“措辭陳義,各當其體,沛然為一代之用。”,又修《洪武正韵》等。李贄說他“姿性過人,才高學博,識見卓遠,為文千言立就”。晚年自号“耐久道人”,朱元璋以為影射自己杀戮功臣,曰:“自去爵祿之名,怪稱曰‘耐久道人’,是其自賤也”,“坐在禮部時朝使往高麗主客曹誤用符驗”,被处死,生前朱元璋曾贈以“丹書鐵券”,仍不免一死。有《陶尚书集》,今不傳[3]



参考文献



维基文库标志


维基文库中相关的原始文献:
明史/卷136





  1. ^ 《明史》卷一三六:“領至正鄉薦,除永豐教諭,不就”


  2. ^ 《明史》(卷136):“陶凱,字中立,臨海人。領至正鄉薦,除永豐教諭,不就。洪武初,以薦征入,同修《元史》。書成,授翰林應奉,教習大本堂,授楚王經。三年七月與崔亮併為禮部尚書,各有敷奏。軍禮及品官墳塋之制,凱議也。其年,亮卒。凱獨任,定科舉式。明年會試,以凱充主考官,取吳伯宗等百二十人程文進御,凱序其首簡,遂為定例。帝嘗諭凱曰:「事死如事生,朕養已不逮,宜盡追遠之道。」凱以太廟已有常祀,乃請於乾清宮左別建奉先殿,以奉神御。明奉先殿之制自此始。五年,凱言:「漢、唐、宋時皆有會要,紀載時政。今起居注雖設,其諸司所領諭旨及奏事簿籍,宜依會要,編類為書,庶可以垂法後世。下臺省府者,宜各置銅櫃藏之,以備稽考,俾無遺闕。」從之。明年二月,出為湖廣參政。致仕。八年起為國子祭酒。明年改晉王府左相。”


  3. ^ 《明史》(卷136):“凱博學,工詩文。帝嘗厭前代樂章多諛辭,或未雅馴,命凱與詹同更撰,甚稱旨。長至侍齋宮,言:宜有篇什以紀慶成。遂命凱首唱,諸臣俱和,而宋濂為之序。其後扈行陪祀,有所獻,帝輒稱善。一時詔令、封冊、歌頌、碑誌多出其手雲。凱嘗自號「耐久道人」。帝聞而惡之。坐在禮部時朝使往高麗主客曹誤用符驗,論死。”








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