二趾樹懶科 分類學 參考文獻 导航菜单二趾樹懶科Cenozoic Mammals of Land and Sea: Tributes to the Career of Clayton E. RayAsynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islandsPMC 1187974PMID 16085711doi:10.1073/pnas.0502777102编Megalonychidae16621MGLNF4359661604709810445662487111800016227508

樹懶亞目异关节总目


內文二趾樹懶巨爪地懶漸新世巴塔哥尼亞中新世安地列斯群島北美洲巴拿馬地峽更新世第四紀冰河時期傑氏巨爪地懶加勒比海島嶼侏儒化地懶更新世西元前二趾樹懶屬

















二趾樹懶科
化石时期：早漸新世 - 現今
35–0 Ma

PreЄ

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O

S

D

C

P

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Choloepus didactylus 2 - Buffalo Zoo.jpg

二趾樹懶

科学分类 编辑
界：
动物界 Animalia
门：
脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：
哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：
披毛目 Pilosa
亚目：
树懒亚目 Folivora
科：
二趾樹懶科 Megalonychidae
Gervais 1855

亞科

見內文



二趾樹懶科（學名：Megalonychidae）包含現存的二趾樹懶以及已絕種的巨爪地懶，最早出現在 3,500 萬年前漸新世的南阿根廷（巴塔哥尼亞），最遠曾經在中新世早期時分布至安地列斯群島[1]。二趾樹懶科的成員在 900 萬年前透過島嶼跳轉的形式來到北美洲，遠早於巴拿馬地峽的形成。最早的成員體型很小而且可能棲息於樹上，然而到了更新世晚期第四紀冰河時期，體型最大的傑氏巨爪地懶體長可達 3米（9.8英尺）[2]，且為完全陸生。一些分布在加勒比海群島上的成員有島嶼侏儒化的現象，或許保留了一定程度爬樹的能力[3]。


二趾樹懶科的地懶在更新世末期時絕種，在安地列斯群島群島上則有個體存活至西元前 5,000 年[4]。二趾樹懶科現存僅有二趾樹懶屬一屬，包含兩種二趾樹懶。



分類學


二趾樹懶科 Gervais 1855








  • 二趾樹懶亞科 Megalonychinae
    • Genus †Ahytherium (地位未定)

    • Genus †Australonyx (地位未定)

    • Genus †Diabolotherium

    • Genus †Megalonychops (地位未定)

    • Genus †Megistonyx (地位未定)

    • Genus †Meizonyx (地位未定)

    • Genus †Nohochichak (地位未定)

    • Genus †Pliometanastes

    • Genus †Sinclairia (地位未定)

    • Genus †Valgipes (地位未定)

    • Genus †Xibalbaonyx (地位未定)

    • Genus †Zacatzontli (地位未定)

    • Tribe Megalonychini
      • Genus †Imagocnus

      • Subtribe Megalonychina
        • Infratribe Megalonychi
          • Genus †Protomegalonyx


          • 巨爪地懶屬 †Megalonyx


        • Infratribe Megalocni
          • Genus †Megalocnus

          • Genus †Neomesocnus



      • Subtribe Mesocnina
        • Genus †Neocnus

        • Genus †Parocnus



    • Tribe Choloepodini
      • Subtribe Acratocnina
        • Genus †Miocnus

        • Genus †Acratocnus


      • Subtribe Choloepodina

        • 二趾樹懶屬 Choloepus



  • Subfamily Ortotheriinae
    • Genus †Proschisomotherium

    • Genus †Eucholoeops

    • Genus †Pseudortotherium

    • Genus †Megalonychotherium

    • Genus †Paranabradys

    • Genus †Pliomorphus

    • Genus †Torcellia

    • Genus †Ortotherium

    • Genus †Menilaus

    • Genus †Diodomus

    • Genus †Habanocnus

    • Genus †Paulocnus




參考文獻





维基物种中的分类信息：二趾樹懶科


  1. ^ Morgan, Gary S. Late Rancholabrean Mammals from Southernmost Florida, and the Neotropical Influence in Florida Pleistocene Faunas. (编) Emry, Robert J. Cenozoic Mammals of Land and Sea: Tributes to the Career of Clayton E. Ray. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 93 (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press). 2002: 15–38. 


  2. ^ http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/_extinct/sloth_extinct/extinct_sloth.htm


  3. ^ J.L. White (1993)


  4. ^ Steadman, D. W.; Martin, P. S.; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Jull, A. J. T.; McDonald, H. G.; Woods, C. A.; Iturralde-Vinent, M.; Hodgins, G. W. L. Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (美國國家科學院). 2005-08-16, 102 (33): 11763–11768 [2009-01-24]. PMC 1187974. PMID 16085711. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502777102. 












物種識別信息

  • 維基數據: Q3259942

  • 維基物種: Megalonychidae

  • ADW: Megalonychidae

  • EoL: 1662

  • EPPO: 1MGLNF

  • Fossilworks: 43596

  • GBIF: 6160

  • iNaturalist: 47098

  • IRMNG: 104456

  • ITIS: 624871

  • MSW: 11800016

  • NCBI: 227508


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