緞帶突觸 注釋 导航菜单改善突出显示跨语言链接Synaptic ribbon. Conveyor belt or safety belt?PMID 12575947doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00062-XSynaptic vesicle populations in saccular hair cells reconstructed by electron tomographyPMID 9870944PMID 18641643doi:10.1038/nn.2160编编辑或修订编

灰质白质Projection fiberAssociation fiberCommissural fiberLemniscusNerve tractDecussationCommissureNeuropil脑膜PyramidalPurkinjeGranule髓鞘形成寡突胶质细胞星形膠質細胞放射狀膠質細胞室管膜细胞TanycyteMicrogliaAxon hillockTelodendronAxon terminalAxoplasmAxolemmaNeurofibril/neurofilament尼氏体Dendritic spineApical dendriteBasal dendriteBipolarUnipolar假单极Multipolar中间神经元RenshawGSAGVASSASVAfibersIa or AαIb or Golgi or AαII or Aβ and AγIII or Aδ or fast painIV or C or slow painGSEGVESVEUpper motor neuronLower motor neuronα motorneuronβ motorneuronγ motorneuron


視覺神經科學


突觸神經遞質胞外分泌膜電位內噬作用視網膜感光細胞受器耳蝸毛細胞視網膜雙極細胞皮卡丘素






緞帶突觸(ribbon synapse)是突觸類型之一，具有特化的特徵。例如神經遞質的快速釋放與不斷的胞外分泌循環以及在膜電位梯度變化的反應中的內噬作用。緞帶突觸已被發現存在於視網膜上的感光細胞、內耳前庭器官的受器、耳蝸的毛細胞與視網膜的雙極細胞之間。


所謂的「緞帶」或者說是「突觸前緻密體」是一個在突觸活動區裡的特化構造，它只盤旋在在突觸前的細胞膜上幾奈米處並拴住了100個或更多的突觸囊泡。[1]而每一個突觸前細胞都能有10到100條「緞帶」來拴住它，使得能拴住的囊泡數增加到1000至10000個。[2]


新型的蛋白質皮卡丘素（Pikachurin）已經在2008年於緞帶突觸中被描繪出來，並且暫時地被推測與緞帶突觸的獨特特性有所關連。[3]



注釋




  1. ^ Parsons TD, Sterling P. Synaptic ribbon. Conveyor belt or safety belt?. Neuron. February 2003, 37 (3): 379–82. PMID 12575947. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00062-X. 


  2. ^ Lenzi D, Runyeon JW, Crum J, Ellisman MH, Roberts WM. Synaptic vesicle populations in saccular hair cells reconstructed by electron tomography. J. Neurosci. January 1999, 19 (1): 119–32. PMID 9870944. 


  3. ^ Sato S, Omori Y, Katoh K; 等. Pikachurin, a dystroglycan ligand, is essential for photoreceptor ribbon synapse formation. Nat. Neurosci. August 2008, 11 (8): 923–931. PMID 18641643. doi:10.1038/nn.2160.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)











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神经组织

中枢神经系统





组织类型

  • 灰质


  • 白质

    • Projection fibers

    • Association fiber

    • Commissural fiber

    • Lemniscus

    • Nerve tract

    • Decussation

    • Commissure


  • Neuropil

  • 脑膜

细胞类型





Neuronal

  • Pyramidal

  • Purkinje

  • Granule

Glial





insulating:


  • 髓鞘形成：寡突胶质细胞
other


  • 星形膠質細胞
    • 放射狀膠質細胞


  • 室管膜细胞
    • Tanycyte

  • Microglia




周围神经系统







General


  • Dorsal
    • Root

    • Ganglion

    • Ramus



  • Ventral
    • Root

    • Ramus



  • Ramus communicans
    • Gray

    • White



  • Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers


  • Postganglionic nerve fibers)

  • Nerve fascicle

  • Funiculus

结缔组织

  • Epineurium

  • Perineurium

  • Endoneurium

神經膠質


  • 髓鞘形成：施旺細胞
    • Neurilemma

    • Myelin incisure

    • 蘭氏結

    • Internodal segment


  • Satellite glial cell



神经元/
神经纤维










Parts







细胞体

  • Axon hillock
轴突

  • Telodendron


  • Axon terminals

  • Axoplasm

  • Axolemma

  • Neurofibril/neurofilament

树突

    • 尼氏体

    • Dendritic spine


    • Apical dendrite/Basal dendrite


Types

  • Bipolar

  • Unipolar

  • 假单极

  • Multipolar


  • 中间神经元
    • Renshaw


传入神经/
感觉神经元

  • GSA

  • GVA

  • SSA

  • SVA


  • fibers
    • Ia or Aα

    • Ib or Golgi or Aα

    • II or Aβ and Aγ

    • III or Aδ or fast pain

    • IV or C or slow pain



Efferent nerve fiber/
Motor neuron

  • GSE

  • GVE

  • SVE

  • Upper motor neuron


  • Lower motor neuron
    • α motorneuron

    • β motorneuron

    • γ motorneuron



末稍





突触


  • 电突触/Gap junction


  • Chemical synapse
    • Synaptic vesicle

    • Active zone

    • Postsynaptic density


  • Autapse

  • 緞帶突觸

  • Neuromuscular junction

感觉接受器

  • Meissner's corpuscle

  • Merkel nerve ending

  • Pacinian corpuscle

  • Ruffini ending

  • Muscle spindle

  • Free nerve ending

  • Nociceptor

  • Olfactory receptor neuron

  • Photoreceptor cell

  • Hair cell

  • Taste bud





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