體感溫度 目录 原理 THW指數 參見 參考 导航菜单编辑或修订编

温度气象学空气动力学


氣溫風速相對濕度相對濕度風速風寒指數天氣報告酷熱指數風寒指數中央氣象局




體感溫度（英语：apparent temperature）係指人體所感受到的冷暖程度，轉換成同等之溫度，會受到氣溫、風速與相對濕度的綜合影響。




目录





  • 1 原理


  • 2 THW指數


  • 3 參見


  • 4 參考




原理


空氣對熱的吸收會受到相對濕度及其密度影響；而風速會影響到與人體表面可以接觸到的空氣的分量，當風速增加時，與人體所接觸的空氣會增加，所以其所帶走或帶來的熱量亦相應地增加，這現象便是「風寒指數」。因此，在天氣報告裡，會把這兩個變數帶來的影響計算進「酷熱指數」裡。一般來說，當空氣密度及濕度增加，都會使酷熱指數增加。


人體等於浸泡在空氣的水分子中，所以比體溫高溫的水分子會阻礙人體散熱，而比體溫低溫的水分子會加速人體散熱，濕度愈高空氣中的水分子濃度愈高，水分子所造成的效應也愈明顯。



THW指數


由於體感溫度可以受到溫度、濕度及風速的影響，這個數值又名「THW指數」（Temperature-Humidity-Wind Index）。1958年，美國的Paul Siple（英语：Paul Siple）曾就風對人體的熱流失成正比例[1]。根據這說法和當時計算風寒指數的公式，簡化出以下的一條算式：


體感溫度(°C)=溫度(°C)-2√風速(公尺/每秒)。

由於和地面的距離所影響的是用溫度計可以量度出來的溫度差異，其差異不計算進體感溫度。


1984年，羅伯特·史特德曼（Robert G. Steadman）發表《體感溫度的通用公式》（A universal scale of apparent temperature）[2]如下：


AT=1.07T+0.2e−0.65V−2.7displaystyle AT=1.07T+0.2e-0.65V-2.7

e=RH100×6.105×exp⁡17.27T237.7+Tdisplaystyle e=frac RH100times 6.105times exp frac 17.27T237.7+T

其中AT為體感溫度（°C）、T為氣溫（°C）、e為水氣壓（hPa）、V為風速（m/sec）、RH為相對濕度（%）。


可看出相對濕度越大、風速越小時，能得出較大的體感溫度，此公式則由中央氣象局預報各地體感溫度所引用。



參見


  • 酷熱指數

  • 風寒指數


參考




  1. ^ Paul Siple, quoted in: Cold Injury, 1958, Steven Horvath editor, Josiah Macy Foundation, p 216.


  2. ^ Robert G. Steadman , 1984, J Clim Appl Meteorol 23:1674–1687.





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