繪馬 目录 來由 變體 巨大繪馬 繪馬架 參考文獻 參見 导航菜单编繪馬静岡浅間神社に大絵馬「飛翔」　常葉大生制作原始内容新春駆ける絵馬完成　伊勢・高羽江社原始内容迎春準備、着々／白鳥神社にジャンボ絵馬00561922

神祭具肉筆浮世繪日本傳統美術神社


日本神社寺院佛菩薩






繪馬（嚴島神社）








神道
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繪馬（日语：絵馬／えま Ema）是在日本神社、寺院裡祈願時用的一種奉納物，一般用木板製成，呈五角形。




目录





  • 1 來由


  • 2 變體

    • 2.1 圖案


    • 2.2 形狀


    • 2.3 造型



  • 3 巨大繪馬


  • 4 繪馬架


  • 5 參考文獻


  • 6 參見




來由


日本人自古視馬為神明的坐騎，故有信徒將活體的馬奉獻神社以表虔誠或祈願，因神社方面馬匹需要活動空間、飼養費用；信眾方面礙於馬匹價格昂貴等不便因素，漸發展為木馬、土馬、紙馬等非實物的馬型物品，最後發展在木板上繪畫馬匹，稱為「繪馬」。


現在定型化的繪馬呈現如「家型」之五角形，會印上神社或寺院名，一面是馬匹圖案，另一面空白供信眾書寫姓名、心願。


常見的是小型的個人奉納所用的繪馬，不過也有如牌匾大小的多人用大型繪馬。



變體


現今日本神社或寺院多推出獨具特色的繪馬，令信徒選擇增多。



圖案


  • 繪馬依據該年生肖而推出該動物圖案的繪馬，如廣島縣嚴島神社每年各有不同繪馬，「丁酉年」則推出雞的圖案。

  • 繪馬依祀神信仰繪畫該祀神的圖案或圖騰，如京都祇園大國主社繪有大國主神「因幡之白兔」故事、京都晴明神社繪有五芒星等。

  • 繪馬依祈願項目繪畫不同圖案，如求愛情良緣繪有愛心、祈求女性身體健康繪有乳房、下身圖案[1]等。


形狀


  • 繪馬依祀神信仰製成不同形狀，如京都伏見稻荷大社製成狐狸頭形狀、奈良春日大社製成鹿頭形狀。

  • 繪馬依祈願項目製成不同形狀，如求愛情良緣製成愛心形、求錢財金運製成錢幣形等。


造型


  • 繪馬依信仰文化製成不同造型，此類已非平面木板甚或採作其他材質，屬於實物或其縮小版，如京都伏見稻荷大社有鳥居繪馬、東京多摩川淺間神社有瓷盤繪馬、埼玉縣箭弓稻荷神社有球棒繪馬等。


巨大繪馬


有些神社會在正月裡使用“巨大繪馬”：



  • 靜岡浅間神社：靜岡縣静岡市葵區[2]


  • 高羽江社：三重縣伊勢市[3]


  • 白鳥神社：香川縣東香川市[4]


繪馬架


懸掛繪馬的繪馬架，在日文寫作「絵馬掛け所」（日语：えまかけしょ Emakakesyo）、「絵馬奉納所」（日语：えまほうのうしょ Emahounousyo）或「絵馬所」（日语：えましょ Emasyo）。


信眾先在「繪馬記入所」（日语：絵馬記入所／えまきにゅうしょ Emakinyuusyo）書寫祈願內容，之後再將繪馬掛在繪馬架上，認為如此便能將心願上達神明或佛菩薩。神社或寺院會在特定時間將過往的繪馬進行儀式後焚化。



參考文獻





维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：繪馬


  1. ^ 如奈良赤乳白乳神社中，乳房圖案為祈願女性上半身健康、下身圖案為祈願女性下半身健康


  2. ^ 静岡浅間神社に大絵馬「飛翔」　常葉大生制作. 静岡新聞. 2013-12-14 [2013-12-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-15）. 


  3. ^ 新春駆ける絵馬完成　伊勢・高羽江社. 中日新聞. 2013-12-15 [2013-12-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-15）. 


  4. ^ 迎春準備、着々／白鳥神社にジャンボ絵馬. 四国新聞. 2013-12-15 [2013-12-15]. 



參見


  • 御朱印


  • 使馬（火馬、功曹馬）

  • 精靈馬



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