娥皇 参考 导航菜单编辑或修订

中国上古人物先秦君主配偶


上古部落酋長唐堯女英虞舜蒼梧湘君屈原楚辭张华博物志






娥皇女英


娥皇姓,又稱娥肓倪皇後育娥盲娥娙,是中國上古時部落酋長唐堯的女兒,和妹妹女英同時嫁給了虞舜,娥皇無子。舜父顽,母嚣,弟劣,曾多次欲置舜於死地,因娥皇、女英的幫助而脱险[1]


舜死於蒼梧(今廣西東南)后,娥皇、女英跳下湘江自盡,人稱湘君[2]。戰國時期的詩人屈原在《楚辭·九歌》中,对她们的描写是「帝子降兮北渚,目眇眇兮愁予;嫋嫋兮秋風,洞庭波兮木葉下。」晋朝张华《博物志·史补》記:“尧之二女,舜之二妃,曰湘夫人,帝崩,二妃啼,以泪挥竹,竹尽斑。”



参考




  1. ^ 西汉·劉向《列女傳·母儀·有虞二妃》:有虞二妃者,帝堯之二女也。長娥皇,次女英。舜父頑母嚚。父號瞽叟,弟曰象,敖游於嫚,舜能諧柔之,承事瞽叟以孝。母憎舜而愛象,舜猶內治,靡有姦意。四嶽薦之於堯,堯乃妻以二女以觀厥內。二女承事舜於畎畝之中,不以天子之女故而驕盈怠嫚,猶謙謙恭儉,思盡婦道。瞽叟與象謀殺舜。使塗廩,舜歸告二女曰:「父母使我塗廩,我其往。」二女曰:「往哉!」舜既治廩,乃捐階,瞽叟焚廩,舜往飛出。象復與父母謀,使舜浚井。舜乃告二女,二女曰:「俞,往哉!」舜往浚井,格其出入,從掩,舜潛出。時既不能殺舜,瞽叟又速舜飲酒,醉將殺之,舜告二女,二女乃與舜藥浴汪,遂往,舜終日飲酒不醉。舜之女弟繫憐之,與二嫂諧。父母欲殺舜,舜猶不怨,怒之不已。舜往于田號泣,日呼旻天,呼父母。惟害若茲,思慕不已。不怨其弟,篤厚不怠。


  2. ^ 西汉·劉向《列女傳·母儀·有虞二妃》:既納於百揆,賓於四門,選於林木,入於大麓,堯試之百方,每事常謀於二女。舜既嗣位,升為天子,娥皇為后,女英為妃。封象於有庳,事瞽叟猶若初焉。天下稱二妃聰明貞仁。舜陟方,死於蒼梧,號曰重華。二妃死於江湘之間,俗謂之湘君。君子曰:「二妃德純而行篤。《詩》云:「不顯惟德,百辟其刑之。」此之謂也。





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